卖弄风情 2星
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(一)定义
一般现在时主要用来表示经常性或习惯性的动作,或者是现在的特征或所处的状态。如:
He often goes to school on foot every morning.
She is at work now.
They are primary school students.
(二)基本结构
从谓语动词的分类来看,一般现在时的基本结构主要分三种情况,即:
1、主语+be+其他成分
其中的be,会随着主语的不同,有am/is/are的变化。am的主语是I,is的主语是第三人称单数,are的主语是第一人称复数、第二人称的单数和复数、第三人称的复数。如:
I am ten years old.
He is in the classroom.
They are in the zoo at the moment.
2、主语+do/does+其他成分
其中,动词do的主语为第一人称的单数和复数、第二人称的单数和复数、第三人称的复数,does的主语为第三人称的单数。如:
We always stay up late on Saturday.
You often forget to bring your textbooks with you.
She likes apples very much.
3、主语+情态动词+be/do+其他成分
此时,情态动词采用的是现在形式,后面的动词都采用原形。如:
She can be a good teacher in the future.
I must leave for the party now.
(三)动词的第三人称单数
动词的第三人称单数,简称三单,是在使用一般现在时中最容易出错的地方。这与汉语的主谓成分在数上没有一致性要求有很大关系。
动词三单常见的变化规则有:
1、直接+s
如:works、plays、sweeps。
2、“伤心城市”(即以sh、x、ch、s或ss结尾的单词)加+es
如:washes、fixes、watches、focuses、kisses。
3、以辅音字母+o结尾的+es
如:goes、does、vetoes(否决)。
4、以辅音字母+y结尾的,改y为i,再+es
如:studies、flies、dries。
5、特殊情况
如:have的三单形式为has。
(四)常见用法
1、表主语现在所处的状态
The book is on the desk.
I am very busy.
2、表主语的身份或职业
She is our English teacher.
His father is a doctor.
3、表主语的特征或特点
The dog often barks at strangers.
He is bad-tempered.
4、表主语的能力
The cat can see well in the darkness.
He is good at swimming.
5、表主语的国籍
Mary comes from Britain.
He is a Chinese.
6、表主语经常性或习惯性的行为
Jack sometimes goes hiking by himself on weekends.
They usually visit museums in their spare time.
7、表主语的兴趣爱好
She likes reading novels very much.
I want a cup of tea.
8、表天气或气候
It is sunny today.
It often rains a lot in spring in Shanghai.
9、表客观事实或真理
Taiwan lies in the southeast of China.
The sun rises from the east and sets in the west.
10、表按计划或安排好的或将要发生的动作
这类用法一般只限于start、begin、leave、go、come、arrive、return、take place等。 如:
The train leaves at four tomorrow afternoon.
She comes back home tonight.
11、表将来(在时间和条件状语从句中)
If he comes, I will tell him about it.
When the plane arrives, she will meet him herself.
12、用在格言、警句中
Pride goes before a fall. (骄必败。)
Time is money. (时间就是金钱。)
13、表过去
1) 用于某些动词(tell、say、hear、learn等)表示不确定的过去时间。如:
She tells me Jack will come tomorrow. (她告诉我杰克明天要来。)
I hear that he won the first prize in the competiton last week. (我听说他在上周的比赛中得了第一名。 )
2)当要陈述一个客观事实时,有时即使有过去时间状语也可用一般现在时。如:
The story is set in the summer of 1937. (故事的背景是1937年夏天。)
The story begins in the year 1937. (故事开始于1937年。)
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