what用法归纳与总结

一、用作疑问代词，用来构成特殊疑问句：

1. 与表示人的名词或人称代词连用，用来提问对方或第三者的职业或身份。例如：

What is Comrade Liu? 刘同志是做什么的？

“What are you?” “I'm a worker.” “你是做什么的？”“我是工人。”

2. 与介词like连用，表示“怎么样”和“象什么”的意思。例如：

What is the weather like today? 今天天气怎么样？

What is the elephant's leg like? 大象的腿象什么？

What does your girlfriend look like? 你女朋友长得什么样？

3. 与about连用，用来表示征求意见或询问消息，表示“对于……怎么样”的意思。例如：

What (is your opinion) about going out for a walk? 我们出去散散步怎么样？

You didn't recognize your uncle at the station at once? What about your elder sister? 你在车站没有立即认出你叔叔？那你姐姐呢？

4. 与介词for连用，表示“为了什么目的”的意思。例如：

What will your father go to Beijing for? 你父亲去北京干什么？

二、用作疑问形容词：

1. 用来表示“多少”的意思。例如：

What does a Chinese-English dictionary cost? 买一本汉英辞典要多少钱？

What's the date today? 今天几号？

2. 用来构成感叹句，表示“多么”的意思。例如：

What a happy life we are living! (= What a happy life we are having!=What a happy life we are leading!=What a happy life we are enjoying!) 我们过着多么幸福的生活啊！

3. 用来说明名词，作前置定语，表示“什么”和“怎样的”的意思。例如：

What time is it by your watch? 你的表几点了？

What time do you get up every day? 你每天什么时间起床？

What size do you want? 你要多大尺寸的？

三、用作连接代词，用来引导主语从句，宾语从句和表语从句。例如：

What you said just now is very important. 你刚才说的很重要。（引导主语从句）

注：

1. “What ...is ...”是个强调句型，常译为“……的是……”，what通常作主语从句的宾语，有时也可作主语从句的主语。例如：

What troubles me most is that I don't know how to tell her the bad news. 最使我苦恼的是我不知道该怎样告诉她这个坏消息才好。

2. “is”后可接一般的表语，也可接表语从句。（如上面的两个例句）

I didn't understand what you had said. 我不理解你说的话。（引导宾语从句）

The question is what we can tell him. 问题是我们能告诉他什么。（引导表语从句）

此外，what可用在不定式前，和不定式一起在句中作宾语、主语或表语。例如：

I don't know what to do. 我不知道该做什么好。

What to do has not been decided yet. 做什么还未决定。

The question is what to do. 问题是做什么？

1.What+主语+及物动词

例句1：What he says is reasonable.

解析：What he says是主语从句，what 在主语从句中作宾语。

例句2：It is none of your business what other people think about you. Believe yourself.

解析：本句意为“别人怎么看你，与你无关，相信你自己。”其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是what other people think about you.

2. what +主语+不及物动词/系动词+介词

例句：The judge does not consider what each eyewitness looks like.

解析：what each eyewitness looks like是宾语从句，what在从句中作介词like的宾语。

3. What + 主语+系动词

例句1：He is not what he was ten years ago. 

解析：本句意为“他不再是十年前的他了。”其中what he was是表语从句，what 在从句中作表语。

例句2：I’m not to blame, Mum. I am what you have made me.

解析：what you have made me.是表语从句，what 在从句中作补语。

例句3： The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make what it is. 

解析：what it is是宾语从句，what 在从句中作表语。

4. What后接名词，作定语

例句1：I gave him what books I had .

解析：what books I had是宾语从句，what 在从句中作books的定语。

例句2：It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.

解析：what side effect the medicine will bring about是宾语从句，what 在从句中作side effect的定语。

例句3： The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face. 

解析：what terrible problems we would face.是宾语从句，what 在从句中作problems的定语，且terrible也是定语修饰problems。

5.What +及物动词+宾语 或 What +be done 

例句1： What makes the matter worse has been puzzling me. 

解析：其中What makes the matter worse是主语从句， what 在从句中作主语。

例句2： The farmer’s wife rushed to see what was caught. 

解析：what was caught.是宾语从句，what在从句中作主语。

6. what 用于固定搭配what……do with (处理)：

例句： What do you do with this problem? 这个问题你怎样处理？

7. 感叹句中：

(1) What a/an＋(形容词)＋单数名词＋谓语!  

例句：What a clever boy he is! (他是个)多么聪明的男孩啊！

(2) What＋(形容词)＋复数名词＋谓语!   

例句：What beautiful flowers they are! (它们是)多么漂亮的花啊！

(3) What＋(形容词)＋不可数名词＋谓语!   

例句：What fine weather it is! 多好的天气啊！