英语中的就近原则和就远原则都有哪些 要翻译

一、就近原则：也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”，即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。与其相对的还有“就远原则”

1、在here, there等引导的倒装句中, 当主语不止一个，此时谓语动词与最靠近它的主语在数上一致喔。

例：

Here comes the bus. 巴士过来了。

There is a pencil and several photos on the desk. 桌上有一支铅笔和几张图片。

2、连词or, either... or..., neither…nor..., not only…but also 等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词只与靠近它的主语在数上一致哈。

例：

Either you or he knows something about the task. 要么你，要么他知道此任务的相关情况。

Neither I nor he plays cards.我和他都没打牌.

二、就远原则

当用作主语的成分后面跟有由but, except, besides, including, like, with, as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, in addition to, combined with, rather than, together with等引出的短语时，谓语动词习惯上要与这些结构前面的主语保持一致（即与比较远的那个主语保持一致）。

例：

She,as well as the other students in the classroom, is jumping with joy.她和教室里其他学生一样开心地跳起来。

Michael Jordan,together with his teammates, has set a record in NBA. 迈克尔乔丹和他的队友们，已经一起创造了NBA的一个记录。

一、就近原则

在here, there等引导的倒装句中, 当主语不止一个，此时谓语动词与最靠近它的主语在数上一致喔。

二、就远原则

当主语后面接上as well as, accompanied by, including, in addition to, more than,together with等引导的词组时，这些词组其实根本不影响最前面主语本身的单复数形式。

就近原则：是指谓语与其相近的名词、代词在“人称、数量”上要保持一致。

1、并列主语由以下词组连接，要采用就近原则：

① there be 句型

eg: There is a book and some pencils on the table.

译：桌子上有一本书和几支铅笔。

② either... or...

eg: Either they or Sam is going to Beijing next Monday.

译：下周一要去北京的不是他们，就是山姆。

③ neither... nor...

eg: Neither you nor he is right.

译：你和他都不对。

④ not… but…

eg: Not you but I am to blame.

译：不是你，而是我应受到责备。

⑤ not only…but also

eg: Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.

= Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.

译：安和她的父母每周日都待在家里。

⑥ or

eg: What he does or what he says does not concern me.

译：他做了什么或是他说了什么，都没有让我担忧。

2、在倒装句中，可采用就近原则：

eg: In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.

译：在远处，你能听见人们的鼓掌声和欢呼声。

就远原则：指谓语动词要与比较远的那个主语保持一致。

1、as well as

eg: The son, as well as his parents, wants to go there.

译：这个孩子和他的父母一样想去那里。

2、（together / along） with

eg: A woman with two children has come.

译：一位女士带着她的两个哈子来了。

3、rather than

eg: He rather than I is right.

译：他是对的，我是错的。

4、except

eg: No one except (but) me knows about this news.

译：除了我，没有人知道这个消息。

5、but

eg: Nobody but two students is in the room.

译：除了两名学生，这间屋子没有其他人了。

6、no less than

eg: My father, no less than I, is a baseball fan.

译：爸爸和我一样都是棒球迷。