宾语从句的用法 详细

宾语从句英语语法

宾语从句(一)

在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句是初中英语中最重要的一种从句,它内容完整,句型结构较为复杂,主句和从句时态搭配要求严格,在中考试题中频频出现.而且学好宾语从句也可为到高中学习间接引语、主语从句、表语从句及同位语从句打下良好的基础.

宾语从句常由that引导,在口语中常省略.当主句中谓语动词是现在或将来时态时,从句中谓语动词不受主句中谓语动词时态的影响,按需要可以使用任何时态.如:

She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. 她说她从周一至周五上班.(从句是一般现在时)

She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk. 她说她要在他桌子上留个便条.(从句是一般将来时)

She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei. 她说她从来没有去过峨眉山.(从句是现在完成时)

当主句谓语是过去时态,从句中的时态一般用表示过去的某种时态.如:

He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. 他说昨天下午没有课.(从句是一般过去时)

He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby. 他说他会去照看这个婴儿.(从句是过去将来时)

He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time. 他说他们那时正在开会.(从句是过去进行时)

当主句谓语是过去时态,而宾语从句叙述某一客观真理(事实)时,宾语从句的时态则用一般现在时.如:

The teacher told us(that) nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.

老师告诉我们世上无难事只怕有心人.

She said (that) her father is twenty-eight years older than her.她说她父亲比她大二十八岁He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光传播比声音传播快得多.

宾语从句(二)

由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句.

引出名词性从句的连词whether和if,在引出宾语从句时,用法和意义相同.但是只能引出宾语从句和不在句首的主语从句,而whether除了引出宾语从句外,还可引出主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句.

例如:We don't know whether (if) it is right. 我们不知道它是否正确.

he question is whether she should do that. 问题在于她是否应该做那件事.

Whether it is true remains a question. 是真是假还是个问题.

试比较:

当if从句处在主句之后作“是否”讲时,引出的是宾语从句.例如:

I don't know if it is true. 我不知道这事是否真实.

当if从句在主句之前作“如果”讲,则引出状语从句.例如:

I shall go there if I have time. 如果我有时间,我将到那儿去.

初中英语宾语从句小结

一、当由陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略.如:

She said that she would leave the message on the headmaster's desk.她说她会把留言条放在校长桌子上.

He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作

二、当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”.如:

Alice wanted to know if/whether her grandmother liked the bag.爱丽斯想知道她祖母是否喜欢这个包. I don't know whether he'll come the day after tomorrow.我不知道他后天是否会来

但直接与or not连用时,往往用whether(if…or not也可以使用).如:

Let me know whether / if he will come or not.(= Let me know whether or not he will come )让我知道他是否能来.

I don't know whether / if he does any washing or not.(= I don't know whether or not he does any washing. )我不知道他在家洗不洗衣服.

I wonder whether we stay or whether we go.我想知道我们是去还是留.

三、如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,只需用原来的疑问词引导.如:

Could you tell me where we will have the meeting this afternoon?你能告诉我我们今天下午将在哪儿开会吗?

I don't know who bought the present for me. Is it Jack?我不知道谁给我买了礼物.是杰克吗?

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